Text Structure | Answer Keys

Student Concept Worksheet Answers

Question	Answer
1	B. Compare and Contrast Signal words "but," "while," and "unlike" indicate comparing/contrasting butterflies and moths.
2	C. Problem and Solution The passage presents a problem (students not getting enough sleep) and a solution (starting school later).
3	Cause and Effect Signal words: "Due to," "Consequently"
4	Sequence Signal words: "first," "next," "then," "finally" - the steps must happen in order.

Practice Worksheet Answers

Question	Answer
1	D. Sequence The water cycle is explained step by step in order.
2	First, Next, Then, Finally Accept any three of these sequence signal words.
3	The author chose sequence structure because the water cycle happens in a specific order. Each step leads to the next, so it makes sense to explain it step by step.
4	C. Problem and Solution
5	Bee populations are declining rapidly (which affects food crops)
6	Any two: Creating bee-friendly gardens, reducing pesticide use, installing bee hotels
7	B. Compare and Contrast
8	Any three: both, on the other hand, however, similarly, while, unlike
9	Similarity: Both are skilled hunters / Both live in the ocean Difference: Dolphins are mammals, sharks are fish / Dolphins live in groups, sharks hunt alone
10	A. Cause and Effect
11	Magma is lighter than the solid rock around it, so it rises toward the surface.
12	The volcano erupts, sending magma (lava), ash, and gases into the air.
13	C. Description
14	For example, also, In addition, Another (any three)
15	Any two: three hearts, blue blood, eight arms with suction cups, can change color/pattern/texture, can solve puzzles/use tools
16	B. Compare and Contrast
17	C. Problem and Solution
18	A. Cause and Effect
19	Understanding text structure helps you know what to expect, find information faster, and remember what you read. It helps you see how ideas are connected.
20	Answers will vary. Look for correct use of signal words that match the chosen structure.

FAST Format Quiz Answers

Question	Answer
1	C. Problem and Solution Paragraph 1 presents the problem (coral reefs dying); paragraph 2 presents solutions.
2	B. Rising ocean temperatures are killing coral reefs This is the central problem that the solutions address.
3	B. "The problem is" This phrase directly signals that a problem/solution structure is being used.
4	D. Sequence The hurricane formation process is explained in chronological order.
5	B. first, next, then, finally These are classic sequence signal words showing the order of events.
6	B. Compare and Contrast The passage compares renewable and nonrenewable energy throughout.
7	B. It helps readers see how renewable and nonrenewable energy are alike and different
8	B. Cause and Effect Signal words "Because" and "As a result" show cause and effect relationships.
9	See rubric and sample response below.
10	See rubric and sample response below.

Question 9 Scoring Rubric

Score	Criteria
2	Correctly explains that sequence is appropriate because hurricanes form in a specific order/process where each step leads to the next
1	Partially explains the connection between sequence structure and the topic; missing clear reasoning
0	Incorrect explanation or does not address why sequence structure was chosen

Sample 2-Point Response:
The author chose sequence structure because hurricanes form through a specific process where each step must happen in order. First the water heats the air, then the air rises, then it spins, and finally it becomes a hurricane. If the author didn't use sequence, readers wouldn't understand how one step leads to the next.

Question 10 Scoring Rubric

Score	Criteria
2	Names a text structure, lists appropriate signal words, AND writes a correct example sentence using at least one signal word
1	Names structure and signal words but example sentence is weak or missing; OR example is good but signal words don't match structure
0	Incorrect structure identification; signal words don't match; no example or completely incorrect example

Sample 2-Point Response (Cause/Effect):
Text structure: Cause and Effect
Signal words: because, as a result, therefore, so, due to
Example sentence: Because I forgot to set my alarm, I woke up late. As a result, I almost missed the bus.

Sample 2-Point Response (Compare/Contrast):
Text structure: Compare and Contrast
Signal words: however, similarly, both, unlike, on the other hand
Example sentence: Dogs and cats are both popular pets. However, dogs need to be walked outside, while cats can stay indoors.

Quick Reference: Text Structure Signal Words