Author's Argument - Practice

Grade 5 Reading | FL B.E.S.T. Standard: ELA.5.R.2.4
Name:
Date:
Directions: Read each passage carefully. Then answer the questions about the author's argument. Identify claims, evidence, and distinguish between facts and opinions!
Passage 1: Year-Round School

Schools should switch to a year-round calendar instead of the traditional September-to-June schedule. Research from the National Education Association shows that students lose up to two months of learning during summer break. This "summer slide" affects students from low-income families the most, as they often don't have access to educational camps or activities.

Year-round schools solve this problem by having shorter, more frequent breaks throughout the year. Students in year-round schools in California showed 10% higher test scores than students in traditional schools. Additionally, teachers report less time reviewing forgotten material at the start of each year. While some families enjoy long summer vacations, the educational benefits of year-round schooling clearly outweigh the inconvenience.

Questions About Passage 1

1. What is the author's main CLAIM in this passage?
2. Which statement from the passage is EVIDENCE that supports the claim?
3. Is this statement a FACT or OPINION? "Students lose up to two months of learning during summer break."
4. List TWO pieces of evidence the author uses to support the claim.

Evidence 1:

Evidence 2:

Passage 2: School Uniforms

Many people believe school uniforms are a good idea, but they actually limit students' creativity and self-expression. Students should be able to express their individuality through their clothing choices. When everyone wears the same thing, schools become boring and students lose their unique identities.

Some argue that uniforms reduce bullying, but this claim isn't supported by strong evidence. A study of 90 schools found no significant difference in bullying rates between uniform and non-uniform schools. Furthermore, uniforms are an extra expense for families who already buy regular clothes for their children. Parents in uniform schools spend an average of $150 extra per year on school clothing. Instead of spending money on identical outfits, schools should focus on teaching students to respect each other regardless of what they wear.

Questions About Passage 2

5. What is the author's main CLAIM about school uniforms?
6. The author states "schools become boring and students lose their unique identities." Is this a FACT or OPINION? Explain your answer.
7. Which evidence does the author use to argue AGAINST the claim that uniforms reduce bullying?
8. Is the evidence about the study of 90 schools RELEVANT to the author's argument? Why or why not?
Passage 3: Homework Debate

Elementary school students should have less homework. According to the National PTA, students should have no more than 10 minutes of homework per grade level. That means fifth graders should have about 50 minutes maximum. However, many students report spending 2-3 hours on homework each night.

Too much homework causes stress and takes away from important activities like family time, exercise, and sleep. Research from Stanford University found that students with excessive homework experienced more physical health problems and higher stress levels. When children spend all evening on schoolwork, they miss opportunities for creative play and developing social skills.

Of course, some homework can be valuable for practicing skills learned in class. But the current amount is simply too much. Schools need to find a better balance between academic work and letting kids be kids.

Questions About Passage 3

9. What is the author's CLAIM about homework?
10. The author acknowledges that "some homework can be valuable for practicing skills." How does including this statement affect the argument?
11. Is this statement a FACT or OPINION? "Schools need to find a better balance between academic work and letting kids be kids."
12. The author cites research from Stanford University. Why is this considered STRONG evidence?

Fact or Opinion? Sort These Statements

13. "Florida is located in the southeastern United States."
14. "Florida has the best beaches in the country."
15. "The average temperature in Miami in July is 83 degrees Fahrenheit."
16. Explain the difference between a fact and an opinion. How can you tell them apart?