Grade 6 Reading | FL B.E.S.T. Standard: ELA.6.R.2.1
Text structure is the way an author organizes information in a text. Understanding text structure helps you see how ideas connect, find important information faster, and remember what you read. Authors choose specific structures to communicate their ideas most effectively!
Shows how things are alike and different
Explains why something happens and its results
Presents a problem and ways to solve it
Presents events or steps in time order
Provides details and characteristics about a topic
Passage A: Ocean pollution has become a serious environmental crisis. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter the ocean each year, causing marine animals to mistake trash for food. As a result, many sea creatures become sick or die. Consequently, entire ecosystems are disrupted, affecting fishing industries and coastal communities worldwide.
Structure: CAUSE/EFFECT - The signal words "causing," "as a result," and "consequently" show that this passage explains why pollution is harmful and what effects it has.
Passage B: Renewable energy and fossil fuels both power our modern world, but they differ in significant ways. While fossil fuels like coal and oil are limited resources that will eventually run out, renewable sources like solar and wind are unlimited. However, fossil fuels currently provide more consistent power, whereas renewable energy depends on weather conditions. Similarly, both energy types require significant infrastructure investment.
Structure: COMPARE/CONTRAST - The signal words "both," "while," "however," "whereas," and "similarly" show that this passage examines similarities and differences between two energy types.
| Structure | Best Graphic Organizer | What It Shows |
|---|---|---|
| Compare/Contrast | Venn Diagram or T-Chart | Overlapping circles show similarities; separate sections show differences |
| Cause/Effect | Flowchart or Cause-Effect Map | Arrows connect causes to their effects |
| Problem/Solution | Problem-Solution Chart | Problem on one side, solutions on the other |
| Chronological/Sequence | Timeline or Sequence Chain | Events or steps shown in order from first to last |
| Description | Web or Concept Map | Main topic in center with details branching out |
"Making a volcano for the science fair is easy if you follow these steps. First, create a cone shape using cardboard and papier-mache. Next, let it dry completely overnight. Then, paint the outside to look like a real volcano. After that, place a small container inside the crater. Finally, mix baking soda, vinegar, and red food coloring for the eruption."
What is the text structure?
What signal words helped you identify it?
"Many students struggle with test anxiety, experiencing nervousness that affects their performance. One solution is to practice deep breathing exercises before and during the test. Another approach is to prepare thoroughly so students feel more confident. Schools can also help by creating calmer testing environments with fewer distractions."
What is the text structure?
What clues helped you identify it?
Authors don't pick text structures randomly. They choose the structure that best fits their purpose:
Pro Tip: Complex texts often use MORE than one structure. A passage might use cause/effect to explain a problem, then switch to problem/solution to discuss how to fix it!