FAST Practice Quiz

Theme & Universal Ideas
Grade 8 Reading
FL B.E.S.T. Standard: ELA.8.R.1.2
10 Questions
/10
Directions: Read each pair of passages from different time periods. Analyze how each author develops similar universal themes, considering how historical and cultural context shapes their expression.
Text A: "The Gettysburg Address" by Abraham Lincoln (1863)
[Speech - Civil War Era]
Historical Context: Delivered during the Civil War at the dedication of a cemetery for fallen soldiers. The nation was divided over slavery and states' rights.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.

It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom.

Text B: "The Sacrifice" (Contemporary Fiction)
[Short Story - 21st Century]
Historical Context: Written in the modern era, reflecting on service members who have served in recent conflicts and their families' experiences.

The flag was folded into a triangle, passed from gloved hands to Maya's mother. Around them, people in uniform stood at attention while Maya tried to understand how cloth could weigh so much.

Her father had believed in something. That's what everyone kept saying. He'd believed in protecting people who couldn't protect themselves, in standing up when others sat down.

"Was it worth it?" Maya had asked her mother once, late at night.

Her mother took a long time to answer. "He thought so. He hoped the world would be better, even if he couldn't see it." She held Maya close. "Now we carry what he believed. That's how his sacrifice means something - if we don't let what he stood for disappear."

1
What UNIVERSAL THEME do both texts develop?
A
War is always justified when fighting for freedom.
B
Sacrifice becomes meaningful when the living honor and continue the values of those who died.
C
Government leaders should speak at military funerals.
D
Children cannot understand the meaning of sacrifice.
2
How does Lincoln's HISTORICAL CONTEXT (Civil War, national division) shape his expression of the theme?
A
He focuses on national unity and the survival of democratic ideals at a moment of crisis.
B
He avoids mentioning the war because it was too controversial.
C
He only speaks to soldiers, ignoring civilians.
D
He focuses on revenge against the enemy.
3
How does the contemporary story's personal, family-centered approach reflect modern context?
A
Modern audiences connect to individual stories and personal grief more than grand national narratives.
B
Modern people care less about sacrifice than people did during the Civil War.
C
Contemporary writers are not allowed to write about war.
D
Children today are more interested in flags than historical speeches.
4
Which quotes from EACH text BEST show the shared theme of honoring sacrifice through continued dedication?
A
Lincoln: "Four score and seven years ago"; Story: "The flag was folded into a triangle"
B
Lincoln: "dedicated to the great task remaining"; Story: "Now we carry what he believed"
C
Lincoln: "a great civil war"; Story: "Was it worth it?"
D
Lincoln: "a new nation"; Story: "people in uniform stood at attention"
Text C: Excerpt from "Civil Disobedience" by Henry David Thoreau (1849)
[Essay - Pre-Civil War Era]
Historical Context: Written when Thoreau refused to pay taxes that supported slavery and the Mexican-American War. He spent a night in jail for his beliefs.

Must the citizen ever for a moment resign his conscience to the legislator? Why has every man a conscience, then? I think that we should be men first, and subjects afterward. It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right.

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison. If the alternative is to keep all just men in prison, or give up war and slavery, the State will not hesitate which to choose.

A minority is powerless while it conforms to the majority; but it is irresistible when it clogs by its whole weight.

Text D: "The Walkout" (Contemporary Fiction)
[Short Story - 21st Century]
Historical Context: Written in an era of student activism, youth-led movements, and social media organizing around issues like climate change, gun violence, and social justice.

"You'll get detention," Brianna's friend warned. "Maybe suspended."

Brianna knew the risks. Walking out of class to protest was against school rules. Her parents might be disappointed. Colleges might see it on her record.

But she also knew that twenty years ago, students at this same school had tried to get the cafeteria to stop using Styrofoam. They'd signed petitions. Written letters. Nothing changed. The adults smiled, nodded, and kept doing what was easy.

At 10:00 AM, Brianna stood up. Seventeen other students stood with her. They walked out in silence, phones recording, posts going live. By lunch, the video had 50,000 views. By dinner, the school board was holding an emergency meeting.

"Rules exist for a reason," the principal said afterward.

"So does conscience," Brianna replied.

5
What UNIVERSAL THEME do both texts share?
A
School rules should always be followed without question.
B
Individual conscience sometimes requires peaceful resistance to unjust systems.
C
Going to jail is the only effective form of protest.
D
Young people are better at protesting than adults.
6
How does Thoreau's 1849 context (slavery, unjust war) shape his expression of civil disobedience?
A
He frames conscience as superior to law when the law supports moral wrongs like slavery.
B
He argues that all laws should be ignored completely.
C
He suggests violent revolution is the only solution.
D
He believes citizens should never question the government.
7
How does the modern context (social media, youth activism) shape the contemporary story's approach?
A
Social media amplifies small acts of conscience into movements that force institutional response.
B
Modern students are not interested in social issues.
C
Technology has made protest unnecessary.
D
Schools today are more supportive of student activism.
8
Thoreau writes about prison; Brianna faces detention. How does this difference reflect their different historical contexts?
A
Modern consequences are less severe, reflecting changed social norms about protest.
B
Thoreau committed a more serious crime than Brianna.
C
Modern schools are more strict than 19th-century governments.
D
Detention and prison are essentially the same thing.
9
Using evidence from BOTH texts, explain how each author develops the theme that individual conscience can challenge unjust systems. How does each text's historical context shape its approach to this universal theme?
10
Both Thoreau and Brianna face consequences for following their conscience. How does each text suggest these consequences are worthwhile? What does this reveal about the universal theme's relevance across time periods?
___Multiple Choice (8)
___Written Response (2)
___Total (10)